翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ NGD Studios ・ NGD-4715 ・ NGDEK ・ NGE ・ Nge Mangsham Taktsap ・ Ngeanges ・ Ngebedech Terraces ・ Ngebuked ・ Ngecha ・ Ngee Ann ・ Ngee Ann City ・ Ngee Ann Cultural Centre ・ Ngee Ann Kongsi ・ Ngee Ann Polytechnic ・ Ngee Ann Secondary School ・ Ngee Heng Kongsi of Johor ・ NGEF ・ Ngeh Koo Ham ・ Ngejot ・ Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve ・ Ngela ・ Ngelawang ・ Ngeleʻia FC ・ Ngelik ・ Ngelima language ・ Ngelsibel ・ Ngema Farm ・ Ngemba Evans Obi ・ Ngemba languages ・ Ngemwa Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Ngee Heng Kongsi of Johor ： ウィキペディア英語版 Ngee Heng Kongsi of Johor Ngee Heng Kongsi of Johor () (1844–1916) was a Teochew secret society that founded the earliest Chinese settlement in Johor. However, it did not have a clandestine image and has instead been accorded a respectable place in the history of the Johor Chinese. The term kongsi generally refers to any firm or partnership, and has also been used to refer to any group or society in a very broad sense. Ngee Heng is the Teochew name for the Ghi Hin or Ghee Hin, its name in Hokkien. The name identifies it as the Teochew offshoot of the Tiandihui secret society. ==Overview== Starting as a group of political dissidents under Tan Kee Soon, the Ngee Heng Kongsi gradually transformed itself into an organisation of towkays and revenue farmers under its second leader Major China Tan Hiok Nee. Sultan Abu Bakar recognised the Ngee Heng Kongsi as a legitimate organisation and made it responsible for law and order among the Chinese in Johor, with the result that it dominated Chinese society as well as the pepper and gambier cultivation in the state. The Maharaja had seen how, in various parts of Malaya, Chinese led by one secret society had clashed in bloody feuds with other Chinese led by rival secret societies. In 1854, bad blood between the Ghi Hin and Ghi Hok had provoked ferocious fighting between the Hokkiens and the Teochews in Singapore. The riots lasted 10 days and some 400 Chinese were killed and many injured, with the conflict spreading to Johor. The Maharaja was anxious to prevent this kind of destructive conflict and introduced a number of controls. The Ngee Heng was required to open its membership to all Chinese. All kangchus, Kapitan Chinas and cultivators were required to be members and the Ngee Heng was held responsible for the behaviour of its members individually and collectively. In this way, the Maharaja brought all Chinese under his patronage and the Ngee Heng Kongsi exercised much influence over the Chinese and their affairs. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ngee Heng Kongsi of Johor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.